The performance difference between what you have now, and the PC spec you've shown, is immense. We're talking the most basic possible, not even gaming ready, up to the latest available parts in 2024.
I would suggest setting yourself a budget, and then looking for what you can get. 300 could get you an improvement on the used market, 500-700 would get you a lot. 1000 would get you a very respectable setup or possibly you're in "Build something new with a warranty' territory.
I don't think you NEED to spend 4 figures to solve your problem but it might be nice to give your son a machine that's capable for a few years if he's showing an interest in getting creative with his computer.