Just to make it really simple. You balance all the rads (with the trvs open at max) so all the rooms heat up at the same rate to achieve whatever the stat is set to.
This isn't quite right. See my post above. You balance the radiators so that they all heat up at the same rate (with an 11 degree/20 degree flow/return differential for non-condensing/condensing boilers), and if the rads are sized correctly to the room, this ensures the rooms heat up equally.
Because if the boiler ends up running, with all the rads off (TRVs closed) where is the heat going to go? That's right, back to the boiler. Combi boilers have a MINIMUM flow rate.
On a 2 pipe system, there is no direct return to the boiler - if there was, that would be the path of least resistance, and the radiators would barely warm up. This is why you ensure at least one radiator has no TRV installed and this is the one located where the thermostat is, so that it turns the boiler off once the stat reaches temperature, and any other time it continues to have flow through it.
You also need to have an automatic bypass valve installed and set correctly - this is to maintain minimum flow rates through the boiler as TRV's shut down, and also ensures circulation is possible in the case where zone valves have shut down, but the boiler continues to fire (this should not ordinarily happen in a system setup and functioning correctly).