Do pedestrians have a legal responsibility for their actions in road accidents?
In simple terms, yes they do. Everybody has a duty to take care of their own safety, much of which is common sense: pedestrians should cross at a Green Man; they should not walk across the road on their phone checking social media or browsing a website (if you are crossing the road right now please look up!); and should continue to look both ways as they cross the road.
However, going back to the original point – drivers are driving a potentially lethal weapon. Therefore, there is arguably a greater duty upon drivers to make sure they don’t hit a pedestrian, even if the pedestrian does something careless or reckless.
Pedestrians partly to blame for road traffic accident
In civil law, which is what governs personal injury claims, if a pedestrian steps onto a road without looking first and steps into the path of an oncoming car, the
pedestrian can make a compensation claim against the driver.
However, much legal discussion will take place about the extent to which the pedestrian has contributed to the accident.
Contributory negligence for pedestrian injury claims
If the driver can prove some negligence on the part of the pedestrian, the pedestrian’s compensation will have a percentage deducted to account for their contribution to the accident. This is known as ‘contributory negligence’.
So, for example, if a pedestrian is found to be 25% to blame for the accident, they will only receive 75% of the compensation they would have been entitled to if the accident had been entirely the driver’s fault.
Case in point: Jackson v Murray
In a 2012 Court of Session case, a thirteen-year-old school girl was found to be 90% to blame (i.e. the driver was 10% to blame) for an accident when she emerged from behind a school bus and entered the road whereupon she was struck by a passing car.
The car was travelling 10mph under the 60mph speed limit. On appeal to the Inner House of the Court of Session the driver’s degree of fault was increased from 10% to 30%.
When the case reached the Supreme Court, the driver and the schoolgirl were found to be equally to blame, with contributory negligence set at 50%.
Why was the driver found 50% to blame?
Put simply, he had noticed the school bus but failed to reduce his speed nor adequately anticipated a child may enter the road in front of his car. This case highlights two points:
- Despite a pedestrian stepping out in front of you, drivers owe a duty of care to pedestrians and must anticipate pedestrians entering the carriageway. Drivers should therefore modify their driving accordingly;
- Assessing a pedestrian’s contribution to an accident is incredibly difficult. In Jackson v Murray the case called before three different courts which all made different assessments of contributory negligence.