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Posted 05 September 2004 - 05:10 PM
Rocks
There are a lot of rocks to avoid in the fresh water aquarium, these include - Ores (rocks containing metal) & Calcareous (rocks containing Calcium) these shouldn't generally be used for fresh water tanks. As a rule of thumb, test the rock with an acid to see if it fizzes. If it does then the rock contains calcium and is unsuitable for aquarium use. I use white vinegar but you can, with the proper precautions and safety gear, use hydrochloric acid. Also you should pour boiling water over your rocks or wherever possible immerse them in boiling water to clean them and to kill any unwanted bacteria that may be living on it. Do not boil or roast in an oven and never use a microwave to heat up rocks.
Note; Rocks retain heat for a long, long time be extremely careful when handling hot rocks.
Alabaster
See Gypsum
AmethystPosted Image
Amethyst is a form of quartz, however it also contains Manganese and Iron.(this is what gives it the pale lilac to deep purple colours) darker the colour the more iron contained in it. The darker the piece the more hazardous it could be in an aquarium
Dead Coral. For Marine tanks only! Not Recommended.
Due to the poor collection methods and the unnecessary reef destruction this is a morally poor tank decoration and prohibited in some countries. Realistic artificial pieces are now widely available and are a much better choice.
Flint. (Flintstone) Posted Image
Flint is usually dark grey, blue, black, or deep brown in colour & can be very sharp. It will scratch your tank if not positioned carefully.
Geodes. Not Recommended. Posted Image
Geodes primarily consist of limestone, however many are quartz based. Sometimes minerals contained with in the hollow are harmful & even those that are �safe� are often razor sharp and can be lethal to fish.
Granite.Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Granite is safe for aquariums; it is a very heavy rock and comes in many colours. Try to get rounded granite as it can come in jagged lumps.
Gypsum. Not Recommended.Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Gypsum is Hydrated Calcium Sulphate a sedimentary rock. Being as it is made up of calcium sulphate it is entirely unsuitable for aquariums.
IronstonePosted Image
Ironstone has a chemical composition of (approx) per 88.85 gm
Fe 89.86 %, Hydrogen 1.13 %, Oxygen 8.01 % & other base elements 1%
the large amount of Fe maybe beneficial to a Dutch aquarium but one with fish it could be harmful in the long run.
Jade
A semi-precious stone.
Jade is a name applied to two different silicate minerals, Nephrite Posted Image and Jadeite Posted Image.
Nephrite is a form of amphibole, actinolite (a mineral that also includes a form of asbestos).
The second, the mineral jadeite, is a pyroxene.
Nephrite contains mostly iron ions and or magnesium ions and would therefore be more suited for jewellery than for an aquarium.
Jadeite is perfectly safe for aquatic use but probably more cost effective to sell it to a jeweller.
Jasper
Red Jasper Posted Image
Rainbow jasper Posted Image
A form of Chalcedony (mixture of Quartz and Moganite[SiO2])
This mineral is also an oxidate which means as it breaks down in water it produces oxygen and oxides.
Rainbow jasper has lots of metallic impurities in it, so is best avoided for aquatic use.
to emphasise
red jasper good
rainbow jasper, best avoided.
Limestone. African Cichlid tanks only!Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Limestone is a very heavy rock and will raise the pH. Limestone rocks are sedimentary rocks that are made from the mineral calcite which came from the beds of evaporated seas and lakes and from sea animal shells.
Live Rock. Calcium carbonate skeletons of long dead corals, or other calcareous organisms. For Marine Tanks only! Posted Image
Cured live rock looks great in a marine tank by making it as natural as possible. It can provide a very good biological filter. Lots of marine life will be added to the tank along with it.
Note; Some of the above life may be undesirable.
Marble. Do not use! Posted Image
As marble is a metamorphosed limestone and is composed of fairly pure calcite, it is very dangerous to be used in an aquarium.
Obsidian.Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Obsidian rocks are igneous rocks that form when lava cools quickly above ground. It is actually glass and not a mixture of minerals. The edges of this rock are very sharp. It will scratch your tank if not positioned carefully.
Onyx. Posted Image
Onyx is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz and is therefore safe to use.
Petrified wood.
Petrified wood is safe for all aquaria it is often banded and of variable colours. It is almost always made up of microcrystalline quartz. It's very inert and safe to use in an aquarium. There are exceptions and you should use the acid test to be certain.
Pumice. May not sink.Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Pumice rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. You can see where little pockets of air had been. This rock is so light, that many pumice rocks will actually float in water, so it may not be suitable for aquariums. Pumice is actually a kind of glass and not a mixture of minerals.
Note; do not boil or roast due to possible explosions of trapped air pockets.
Quartz. Posted Image
Quartz can be sharp and it is harder than glass. It will scratch your tank if not positioned carefully. IMO doesn�t look very nice in aquariums.
Sandstone. Not recommended.Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Water-worn pebbles of varying sizes can give a very natural look to an aquarium. Sandstone is mostly safe to use for all tanks after the standard cleaning protocols; however it is a sedimentary rock made from small grains of quartz and feldspar.
Note; due to the feldspar, (which can contain potassium, sodium or calcium) it may be harmful.
Slate.Posted Image
Photo used with permission from Franklin Institute Science Museum and Tammy Payton
www.tammypayton.net
Slate can vary in colours for pale grey to a deep purple. Completely inert and is cheap to buy. Large thin pieces can be used as a background.
Note; Beware of sharp edges.
Tuffa Rock. For Marine and African Cichlid tanks only! Posted Image
A very light rock ideal for where a lot of rock is needed to build a reef. Very cheap to buy if you get it from garden centres instead of local fish shops.
Note; Tuffa rock is formed from Magnesium Sulphate so it will harden the water.