Race is real though. I mean we have numerous laws based around the concept of race.
Laws don't make something real. Laws reflect social norms, religions, ideologies, concepts. They're not necessarily based on things that are real. For example, in the USA a couple of hundred years ago it was law that "black" people were inferior to "white" people. Does that mean they really were?
Yout list seems a very bizare mix of empire's, regions and countries as oposed to a racial list.
Your question seems a very bizarre classification by fictional concept rather than classification by anything relevant. You wanted broad strokes, so I used broad strokes. "India", for example, rather than a more accurate description. India as such didn't exist in ~1000 BC. Besides, I don't know which Indian country or countries made the major contributions to knowledge back then. Same goes for China.
Classifying people by an obviously, ludicrously inaccurate description of how much suntan they have makes no sense. It's not real.