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- 13 Apr 2019
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That's a bit exaggerated, Russian POWs aren't necessarily going to be beaten up when they return for example. There is the risk of mistreatment for "refusers" etc.. though.
I'm not sure many countries would apply your standards though, Germany perhaps, AFAIK places like Finland would require a higher standard than just "was a former conscript/reservist and required to be mobilised by his country as per his reserve commitments", they'd want to see evidence of a specific danger, public expression of anti-regime sympathies or anti-war sympathies etc.. simply being mobilised by the military isn't generally enough in itself for an asylum claim.
They will get a beating after being arrested if they voluntarily surrendered:
...Those who voluntarily go into Ukrainian captivity can expect up to 10 years in prison, according to amendments passed by parliament and the Federation Council this week and put into effect by Putin's signature on September 24... Source
Being a former national serviceman (automatically placed in the reserve thereafter) who was mobilised to be sent to attack a peaceful foreign country in an offensive war to capture their territory based upon a pack of lies is rather different to 'mobilised by his country as per his reserve commitments'. After all, there hasn't been a large mobilisation like this in Russia since World War 2.
All the draftee would have to do is write a letter to the draft board saying that he refuses to fight in Ukraine because the war is genocidal and indefensible and if they refuse to find him an alternative service option then he would be looking at a long stretch in prison, which would surely make him a political dissident worthy of political asylum in many countries?