When you look at the way AMD did it its not hard to understand.
First they unified the L3 Cache, AMD actually gave us a preview of this in Zen 2 with the 3300X, the 3100 is identical in everyway to the 3300X, the only difference is the 3300X uses a single side of the CCX, so it has a dedicated 16MB L3 vs the 2X 8MB of the 3100.
The result of that alone is a 16% jump in IPC in gaming. its actually 13% ahead of Intel in gaming IPC.
Zen 3 has 32MB 8 core Chips.
On top of that there is an up to 19% boost in per core IPC... and on top of that a small bump in clock speeds.
The end result at the highest level i have seen yet Zen 3 is 48% faster in games than Zen 2.