I read Sybase has a data capacity of a Petabyte, but I imagine that is probably been outstripped by now.
Plenty of database platforms have
theoretical capacity of over one Petabyte, however there are very few that size. Sybase does not compete at the large-scale end of data warehouses. Neither does Oracle, which has a bigger market share, but again on the smaller-end databases. The really big databases are between IBM and Teradata.
What you also need to remember is that there are really two types of usage for databases:
Online transaction processing (OLTP). Generally used for loading transaction data and providing responses to very simple queries in near real-time. Not sure this is still current, however the UK Land Registry was apparently the largest OLTP database at 32TB (
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/succ...5H?OpenDocument&Site=eserverzseries&cty=en_us )
Analytical Databases. Used to hold very large volumes of detailed data (at customer, account, transaction level) and supports complex queries across any/all of that data. Teradata is the leader in this field, with US retailer Wal*Mart having the biggest, at over 460TB. The biggest UK one is between Tesco, Barclays, LloydsTSB and Vodafone, but I'm not 100% sure which is the biggest at the moment. Whichever one it is will certainly be over 200TB.
For more information here is an article by the Analyst firm Gartner, who produce annual comparisons between all of the database vendors.
http://mediaproducts.gartner.com/reprints/microsoft/article19/article19.html
Regarding HMRC, NHS etc. just remember that whilst they might have a record for every person in the country, they don'y have very much data about each person (no regular 'transactions', balances etc.), so they tend to be much smaller.