The list of benefits from companion animals is much longer. Owning a pet, particularly a dog, improves survival rate following a heart attack and appears to improve survival from breast cancer. Health benefits of owning include the lowering of blood pressure (individuals with a positive attitude to companion animals had lower blood pressure levels than those with a negative attitude). Pet ownership is also linked to lower levels of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema in infants. Dog ownership increases the amount of physical exercise that people take, with the health benefits that that brings. Dog walking also reduces social isolation, which is a major contributor to mental health.
It is in the area of mental health that animals may have their largest impact. Mental health problems affect up to one in four people at some time in their life, and the increase in people living alone will probably increase this figure. Individuals owning companion animals appear to have better psychological well-being, with companion animal owners reporting greater happiness and health compared to non-owners. Companion animals can reduce anxiety in families, and can have beneficial effects in families with autistic children, and with coping with life events such as bereavement. Pet owners also tend to have fewer visits to the doctor for medical problems.
In the UK, based on 2013 health expenditure figures, the saving due to the existence of companion animals was £2.45 billion. This is an approximate but conservative estimate, and does not include other benefits such as fewer days off work. This figure is significantly large to draw the attention of public health policy makers. There are many other ways in which animals contribute to health, such as with therapy dogs, hearing dogs, dogs for the blind, and classroom dogs.