Evans didn't have an outstretched arm at all, it hit him on the elbow and he made no movement towards the ball either, Enrique handled the ball twice with his arm unfortunate deflection or not. Neither were penalties. As for Rio no player should ever get booked let alone sent off for a challenge whereby the receiving player has to dive to go to ground. You can continue to argue both and feel hard done by all you want though by all means.
Evans arms were outstretched and the ball's hit him as he's moving his arms back towards his body, go watch the incident. Enrique's had the ball hit at him from a yard away and it deflected onto his arm. One could have easily been given a penalty, the other was never a penalty in a million years.
And whether Adam could have stayed on his feet or not (and you can't say for certain that he couldn't), Ferdinand's still tripped him as he's breaking into the penalty area. It was a regulation yellow card (Lucas was booked for the same thing on the half way line).
As for why I feel you deserved to beat City but not the others; like it or not the level of opposition does make a difference of course it does. For teams like Swansea and Norwich to go to Anfield and play the way they did meant they were deserving of a point in the end. Liverpool didn't do enough to win those games hence you didn't. As for the City game well clearly you didn't do enough to win that game either but the fact City who had only dropped 2 points in the league prior to that game and other than a good start looked totally inept throughout much of the match and were basically hanging on at the end it's not that hard to grasp that you were more deserving of a win in that game against that level of opposition than the other games which were games you were expected to win but failed to perform.
The way I see it is the best teams make their own luck. The teams that simply weren't up to scratch though look back and are the ones that constantly moan about referees and penalties that weren't given and not being given the lucuracy of playing against less than 11 opposition players. That goes to any set of fans not just the Liverpool ones (although you lot do moan about decisions more than any other set of fans on these forums)
My personal opinion is that the only time you can deserve to win a game that you don't win is when you've been robbed by the officials. However as you said we deserved to beat City, by that reckoning we deserved to win all those others too (we were on the wrong side of poor decisions in all but the Swansea and City games anyway).
The standard of the opposition makes no difference. The fact of the matter is that you don't need to play as well to beat Swansea (and to deserve to beat them too) as you would City. We could have put in a near perfect performance against City but had they played to their best too, we may have easily lost the game and could have had no complaints either. On the other hand, had we put away 1 of the chances we created against Swansea, I don't think anybody could have said we didn't deserve to win that game based on the balance of play or chances created. Despite not playing to our best, we were still the better side. I'm not sure why you're including the Norwich game in this because we absolutely battered them but somehow only scored once.
On the City/Utd comparison specifically. We were certainly the better side from the moment we equalised against City and dominated the last 20 minutes but City were excellent for the first 30 and even after that were a big threat on the break. In the Utd game, the first 45 minutes were pretty even however we created the only clear chance, and then we were the better side throughout the 2nd half and dominated the end of the game just like vs City. The biggest difference was that you offered absolutely no threat to us and I can't remember you having a single chance other than the goal from the corner. Just on the balance of play and chances created, we were just as deserving to beat you as we would have been City and when you take into account the decisions that went your way, we were even more deserving to beat you imo.