"At the French Grand Prix in late June, Schumacher beat Hill off the line with a start so flawless that it hardened the suspicions lurking in many minds. This was the kind of getaway that had been seen many times in the previous two seasons, when the top teams had enjoyed the benefits of the now proscibed traction control systems and fully automatic gearboxes.
"Announcing its ban on most kinds of computed-contolled devices, the FIA had been loud in its insistence that the new regulations would be regularly and strictly policed. And in July, shortly after the British Grand Prix, the FIA's technical comission produced the findings from a software analysis company, LDRA of Liverpool, which it had hired to conduct its spot checks into the computed programs being used by three teams: Ferrari, McLaren and Benetton.
"To enable these checks to be made, the teams had first to agree to surrender their source codes: the means to acces their computed programs.Ferrari, spooked by the unpunished discovery of their use of a variation on traction control at Aida, readily complied; their cars were found to be clean. McLaren and Benetton, however, refused to produce the source codes, claiming that to do so would first compromise their commercial confidentiality and second infringe the intellectual copywright' of their software suppliers. When it was pointed out to them that the LDRA is often enlisted by the British government to look into military software whose confidentiality is covered by the Official Secrets Act and carries weightier consequences than a silver cup, a few bottles of champagne and the further inflation of a few already oversixed egos, they gave in.
"Both teams were fined $100,000 for attempting to obstruct the course of justice. Andm when the findings emerged, both appeared to have something to hide. In McLaren's case it was a gearbox program permitting automatic shifts. After much deliberating, and to the surprise of many, the FIA eventually decided that this was not illegal. But Benetton had something far more exciting up their sleeves.
"When LDRA's people finally got into the B194's computer software, they discovered a hidden program, and it was dynamite: something which allowed Schumacher to make perfect starts merely by flooring the throttle and holding it there, the computed taking over to determine the correct matching od gear-changes to engine speed, ensuring that the car reached the first corner in the least possible time, with no wheel spin or sideslip, all its energy concentrated into a forward motion. Before the winter, this combination of traction control and gearbox automation would have been legal. Now, although explicitly outlawed by the regulations, it was still there. If you knew how to find it. Because it was invisible.
"It took even LDRA's people a while. What you had to do was call up the software's menu of programs, scroll down beyond the bottom line, put the cursor on an apparently blank line, press a particular key (no clues to that, either) - and, hey presto, without anything showing on the screen, the special program was there.
"They called it 'launch control', and LDRA's computer detectives also discovered the means by which the driver could activate it on his way to the starting grid. It involves a sequence of commands using the throttle and clutch pedals and the gear-shift 'paddles' under the steering wheel. Benetton couldn't deny it's existence, but they did claim that it hadn't been used since it had been banned. So why was it still there, and why had its existence been so carefully disguised?
"It had remained in the software, they said, because to remove it would be too difficult. The danger was that in the purging of one program, others might become corrupted. Best to leave it be. But, so that the driver couldn't accidentally engage it and thereby unintentionally break the new rules, 'launch control' had been hidden carefully away behind a series of masking procedures.
"'That's enough to make me believe they were cheating,' an experienced software programmer with another Formula One team told me. 'Look, we purged out own software of all illegal systems during the winter. I did it myself. OK, our car isn't quite as sophisticated as the Benetton. But it only took me two days. That's all. Perfectly straightforward. And the fact that they disguised it was very suspicious.'
"Then he told me the most interesting thing I had heard all year.
"Here's what you do, he said, if you really want to get away with something. You write an illegal program - an offspring of traction conrtol, say, such as a prescription for rev limits in each gear for a particulat circuit - and you build into it a seld-liquidating facility. This is how it works. The car leaves the pits before the race without the program in its software. The driver stops the car on the grid, and gets out. His race engineer comes up and, as they do in the pre-race period before the grid is cleared, he plugs his little laptop computer into the car - and presses the key that downloads the illegal program. For the next hour and a half the driver makes unresticted use of it. Thanks to its efficience, he wins the race. He takes his lap of honour, he drives back down the pit lane, he steers through the cheering crowds into parc ferme where the scrutineers are waiting to establish the winning cars legality, and he switches off the engine. And the program disappears, leaving not a trace of its existence.
"'It's easy,' the software man said. 'In fact we use it all the time in testing, when we just want to try something out without having it hanging around to clutter up the system. And its just about impossible to police. The FIA came round the teams early in the season, asking advice on what to do. But they're totally out of their depth here, not surprisingly. It's like crime. There's always more at stake for the criminals than for the police, so the criminals are always a step ahead. It's a nightmare, really.'"
*Extract from 'The death of Ayrton Senna', Richard Williams. Bloomsbury Publishing.