Right, you are opening a big subject here.
First of all lets start with props. As a basic rule of thumb larger diameter increases thrust, larger pitch increases speed. The setup that produces 1kg thrust just doesn't spin the prop fast enough to be able to go any quicker, it always is a toss up between thrust and speed at the same wattage. So this is why it is important you understand what type of flying you will be doing with the plane so you get the correct type of setup.
Now we will go onto the motor, as you may have noticed you can often get the same motor but in different kv's. Now kv tells you how fast the motor can spin (unloaded) per volt. Though as the kv goes up the effective torque the motor has decreases, so once again it is a balancing act. But as you may have guessed the battery choice vastly alters what kv you require. Now motors have an efficiency curve, which I have a website link (will get you it when I'm home) for working out the efficiency curve and roughly where certain props land on the curve. So really the battery, motor and prop choices all have to go hand in hand to produce an efficient setup.
Now to do with your setup, when you get to fly it on a calm day try to work out whether you have more thrust that you could get away with. If so then drop diameter of the prop down and the pitch up, that will land you a quicker plane but will slow down more when climbing at a high angle.
That motor you have linked me is no where near big enough, it will so inefficient at that power, much better to go up to the 200-250g range. The motor is said to be rated to 36A, so to work out the watts at 4s it would just be 36*14.8 which is 533W. It does seem like a 4s 3000mah battery seems decent, or maybe even 5s. For 4s I will have to pull 54-67amps and at 5s 43-54amps. Of course I will have to decide what batteries to use before I can really make a motor decision.
Now all of that is only a very basic overview, there is more to it then I have mentioned but it should be a good enough start.