The grinder is the most important part.
The perfect grind is one where the resulting coffee grounds are:
* uniformly sized depending on the setting - this means the extraction is even and the rate of extraction is defined and can be used in the coffee machine design.
* grinds the bean quickly but with little heating effect which means only a small amount of the oils and volatile compounds evaporate.
Whirly blades we'll not cover here.. but they're ok for french press but it is commonly accepted that a burr grinder will give better taste - even in a cafetierre.
There's different types of burrs:
Conical - the majority of manual and the 'cheaper' burr grinders are of this design. Basically it is two cones with the centre cone rotating. The cones have teeth which do the grinding - like a pepper mill.
The output is good enough for espresso. Although the grounds themselves aren't as uniform as flat burrs.
Flat burrs - are like a set of mill wheels which grind the coffee quickly and more uniformly. These appear on mid range grinders in varying sizes from 50mm, 58, 62 and 68 on the big expensive grinders (83mm in the case of the $1800 Mazzer Royal).
The top line grinders like the Robur are a hybrid that have teeth on the inside too.. The design of the teeth and the burr itself is a major factor.. but just acknowledging that.. we can move swiftly on.
Arabic mills grind to powder, further than espresso.. so they're of no use to us.
The level of grind also plays a part in selecting what we'd need. So a Gaggia - we're looking for an espresso grind and for the aeropress we're looking at a medium grind.
Both can be done by conical and flat burr.
Next is how adjustable it is. This makes it harder or easier to switch between the sizes of grind. In short there are two types:
Stepped - think of this like discreet selectable distances between the burrs. It makes it easy to select but also means you can't get anything between them.. which may cause a problem.
Stepless - think of this as an infinitely adjustable distance. Better for fine tuning but more of a pain if selecting between values.
Last but not least is the term "doser"/"doserless" which is basically if the grinder has a second hopper that stores the grounds until you dispense them using the lever.
A doser breaks up the clumps of grounds making a easier distribution of coffee in the portafilter basket.
I have a stepless and doserless. So basically I can fine adjust it and the ground coffee comes straight out of the burrs and down a chute - into the portafilter basket in my case but this can also be a bag if I'm grinding medium for french press. Although the stepless makes it more time consuming to alter the size of the grounds.
Now with that... back to grinders.
Zassenhaus is the daddy for manual grinders. Have a read of
this thread on home-barista about handmills. The OP of that thread has lots of experience with handmills.
However this guy is great - don't put up with second best. Take the burrs out of the Robur (very expensive) and make it into a hand grinder.. topped with a zassenhaus lever for rotating it..
here
Going electric will see a jump in price to get over the whirly-blade shredders.. certainly not £20 for a new burr grinder. Second hand just look out for the known burr models and snap them up. Nothing stopping you from replacing worn out burrs and getting a bargin (assuming you can get the burrs!).
Ascaso iMini
Rancillo Rocky
There are people out there that use £1000-2000 grinders with inexpensive presses and espresso machines.