I'm in a similar position to you. I found there are some helpful posts on the CleanYourCar forum and Detailing World, but I didn't find a one stop guide/post for everything so asked some follow up questions in here. Probably best to look back 1-2 pages on this thread and then fire some targeted questions.
I think the difficulty of writing a one stop guide is that there are so many products, I could suggest 1 type of wax but 20 other people will come along and suggest their own and all profess theirs are great.
The principles are all the same. The detail steps are....if you are being REALLY really anal about it.
Outside
Hose down
Snow foam
Wait
Hose down
Spray wheel cleaner on alloys
Wait
hose down wheels
brush and wash wheels and tires
Clay bar
(some people like to hose down again at this point)
Tar remover for tar spots
Metal polish with wire wool for exhaust tips
Touch up paint for any stone chips
Use something like PERL for plaster trims
Check paint for condition
Polish (you can either fill or cut), hand polish or machine
Polish window
Wax
Apply wheel sealant
Apply tyre dressing
Apply water Repellant
(optional step)
Open engine bay.
Engine cleaner with brush and towel.
PERL for dressing
Move to interior
Remove carpet
Vacuum
Wipe down with interior cleaner on dash and plastics
Glass cleaner on the inside
leather cleaner
leather conditioner
Wait
wipe off conditioner
Brushes out to clean all the hard to reach places
Back to outside.
Get a brush out and a new micro fibre, by this point there will be white bits around the car where the wax has dried and you missed. Go over them.
Now stand back and look at your hard work !
Or you can get 2 buckets, some shampoo, wash, towel dry with aqua wax....
Now, if you ask "What do I need for clay bar" or "what product for polish" or "what to clean wheels with" then we can be more specific.
Asking "what do I need to clean a car" is very wide in scope in terms of a specific answer you see.