Well you're getting into metaphysics really with the emotion part.....but on the neurons, neural networks that are driving the new wave of AI are fundamentally, are functionally the same as real biological brains.Hmmmm. From what limited research I've done this evening whilst I'm definitely not supposed to be working, all this AI stuff is still just basic logic. When you boil it down to each "neuron", it's literally just logic being applied and weighted to form overarching decisions. Granted that's a massive oversimplification but it's still not capable of actual reasoning beyond the parameters and predetermined weighting it's fed, and it's not capable of emotion.
You have a neuron. It has a receiver bits, and transmitter bits. When it receives enough stimulus on a receiver, it activates and transmits. In a biological brain this is a chemical reaction, in AI it is a sigmoid activation curve, functionally the same.
Connect enough of these neurons together, give it some outside input that it can learn from, and you have intelligence. It is literally just a matter of scaling now between human intellect and AI.
Somewhat on topic for OCUK, the real acceleration in AI has come about from gaming hardware. Once people realised that you can take the GPU hardware that was designed to do lots of parallel math to render pixels, and repurpose it to do lots of parallel math to process increasingly massive neural networks, that was when the explosion in capability happened.