Around 250 firemen were called and, despite being exposed to dangerous levels of radiation, many of them stayed and risked their lives to bring the situation under control.
Tens of thousands of coal miners were conscripted because of their expertise in tunneling and working underground. Their task was to dig out a tunnel under the reactor, install a cooling coil to cool the reactor’s concrete base and reinforce any cracks appearing in the slab. The miners now called "liquidators" had to work in appalling conditions, not only in extremely high temperatures but also very high levels of radiation. Heroic efforts were made to smother the fire and bring it under control through flying in and dropping 5,000 tons of clay, sand, lead and dolomite onto the burning exposed reactor. Many of them died between the ages of 30 and 40 and the majority of them became handicapped.