The vaccine creates fake spike proteins which the body then attacks and destroys, days may be an underestimate, but vaccines aren’t hanging around for ages.
That is a vastly simplified take on vaccines - for one there have been issues with the delivery system used by the mRNA vaccines - the COVID one was the first time they'd cracked certain issues with it. Some people, usually with existing chronic conditions, can struggle to break down the left over bits from the delivery system potentially building up to a problem - more so with regular repeat use required for treating other diseases but potentially can be a problem with COVID in some cases as little as 4-5 applications before it starts becoming a problem.
Another one where the official messaging is somewhat skewed from the reality - with all the talk of the vaccines being just the same as the ones we've always had just tweaked (not true for the mRNA vaccines) and that they'd been through all the normal testing as previous vaccines just sped up - both are being at best creative with the truth - as is plain from the emergency authorisation documents which for some reason a lot of people seem to pretend don't exist.
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