It is definitely a massive reach, that is by no means a completed overtake. I'm no fan of Max's tactics here but lets not get silly about what's going on here, he's very much defending an overtake, not performing an overtake himself.
I haven't but I think your point is hanging on a misunderstanding of the rules.
They can only levy a punishment for gaining a lasting advantage. Max has not gained a lasting advantage by definition because he's lost the position. The only driver who has gained a lasting advantage here is Norris because he chose to complete the overtake.
You can only argue Max has got a lasting advantage if you take into account that Norris' punishment then gives Max the position back, which is what becomes a complete nonsense with needing to penalise them both, to logically find any way to penalise Max.
The (theoretically) easy counter to this behaviour, is to rejoin the track behind him still and then let the stewards punish him for gaining the lasting advantage of keeping his position by driving outside of track limits. Then just cross your fingers you don't get Brazil 21'd.
Should there be a better rule/guideline with which such a behaviour can be punished? Probably but it would be a complete minefield to write without introducing other unintended consequences.
The only one misunderstanding the rules are the stewards.
The rules state:
"2. Guidelines for overtaking on the outside of a corner:
“In order for a car being overtaken to be required to give sufficient room to an overtaking car, the
overtaking car needs to have a significant portion of the car alongside the car being overtaken and
the overtaking manoeuvre must be done in a safe and controlled manner, while enabling the car to
clearly remain within the limits of the track.
When considering what is a ‘significant portion’, for an overtaking on the outside of a corner, among
the various factors that will be looked at by the stewards when exercising their discretion, the
stewards will consider if the overtaking car is ahead of the other car from the apex of the corner.
The car being overtaken must be capable of making the corner while remaining within the limits of
the track.”
Therefore the whole "ahead at the apex" is essentially null and void, as Max was not capable of remaining within the limits of the track.
It literally says "
must". The bit about the apex is only described in what they can consider with their discretion. The bit about having to make the corner is a "
must"
So Max broke the rules defending, and had Norris stayed behind him, he should have got a penalty or been asked to let Norris past. Yes, technically Norris broke the rules by overtaking outside the track, but Max was outside the track too, having just broken the rules himself!!
The only sensible decision here was to leave things as they were and call it a racing incident OR give both of them a penalty (which would have nullified it all anyway and been pointless to do).