Have you made many custom amps? It's not something I've ever really considered, or would know where to start. Sounds very interesting.
I’ve designed and built hifi tube amps, and built speakers from designs (ported) so I know enough to get myself into trouble and out the other side
so I understand the concepts and the design process from designing my own.
I’d split the two into two - the electrical (ie the amp itself and how it works) and the physical (speaker, how it works with the enclosure and the sound waves).
On the tube amp side - it needs a little electrical knowlesge but you can get a lot from a couple of sources such as books by Morgan Jones (“Valve Amplifiers” book - ignore the building amp book), Merlin Blencowe (
https://www.valvewizard.co.uk/) is great.
Also Rob Robinette has some great desscriptions how it works:
https://robrobinette.com/How_Amps_Work.htm
There’s a lot of knowledge but you need to understand some basics and the key is safety given tube amps run at higher voltage than your mains.
Alternatively you can go solid state which run a much lower voltages and will be cheaper. Same principles as tube amps with more concepts specific to solid state. Tube amps are voltage orientated but solid state amps are current orientated.
The bonus is the skills here you can use on wiring of the guitar (new pickups etc).
Then speakers/cabs are another massive world, but for an instrument amp you can get away with murder compared to a hifi speaker.
There’s just as much knowledge here as amps.. but like amps there’s plans out there you can copy or use.
Lastly testing/fixing - you will need some equipment and second hand kit can make it cheaper starting out.
For tube amps you will need a good mutimeter (I got a 1000Vdc rated Bryman, it also has very good accuracy for solid state). I have two £40 600Vdc rated and that will work but the 300V rated £10 multimeters off ebay should be avoided. Also ensure your probes are rated - you can get aftermarket too.
With solid state amps you can use a sound card for a low voltage scope/audio analyser but after a while you may find yourself wanting some test gear - a oscilloscope is a key tool but for standard kits or known designs you can get away without it. A cheap scope can be £50 for an oldschool analogue which will be fine for audio. The usb scopes for £50 are not good and hooking up a tube amp to a usb scope is asking you to blow up your computer/dangerous! (My non-USB digit scope input maxes out at 400V but the analogue scopes are often able to take even higher voltages)
So as you can see - it’s like neo and the rabbit hole but it does augment your musical side.