Soldato
- Joined
- 17 Jun 2004
- Posts
- 3,691
You need to learn about the nitrogen cycle. In Summary fish make Ammonia (very deadly) Bacteria will turn it into Nitrite (deadly) then other Bacteria will turn it into NitrAte (safe, which the live plants will eat) Once you got this cycle going your fish will be healthy. There is two ways to start it, the long but safe way using household ammonia and a testing kit (API is the best watertest kit) or using very hardy cold water fish such as White Cloud Minnows (they are nice and small to keep in a small cold water tank instead of goldish) and changing 20% of their water everyday for a couple of weeks until the cycle is done. Good fish keeping is about good bacteria keeping.
Nitrate is not safe it will if levels rise to high do the same damage to your fish that Nitrite and Ammonia will do. Its the reason for doing water changes but if you have a deep enough sand bed the Nitrogen cycle has another step in which bacteria will brake Nitrate down into nitrogen gas. You need enough depth in the sand bed to keep oxygen out so that anaerobic bacteria continue the cycle. Not the sort of thing your average fish keeper would do or should worry about, but its one of the things that happen within marine live rock.