In the short term, especially if we don't have majority EV or similar adoption sooner yes lots of 20MPH roads are a huge problem - especially pertinent to diesels but also have implications for petrol engines and catalytic converters, when you aren't up to optimal operating temperature fuel economy and emissions suffer significantly. Longer distances at up to 20 MPH will make it harder for many vehicles to get up to temperature and many vehicles produce significantly more pollution at speeds just below 20MPH (and with people probably doing ~18MPH to stick to the 20 limit that will happen) so if they are spending longer time under those conditions that isn't good at all.
Particulate filters, EGR, various sensors, and eventually big ticket items like the turbo are all going to be impacted by this, so if you are stuck in the middle of lots of these new 20s a petrol engine car, probably without a turbo, would probably be a good consideration over a diesel for future purchases.
But there might be an element of accelerationism here - using this aspect, which they have imposed, to further take the war against motorists...