I think F1 is probably in a state where it could manage, the proposed break away a few years back and the subsequent increase in team prize money proves that the share holders know they are on the golden egg.
It likely isn't simply because without Bernie and the current owners the existing teams alone wouldn't have the upfront money nor the power to get the deals they do with existing tracks. They wouldn't have the connections of power to wrangle new tracks being built or to push for new facilities, they'd have zero power to enforce new safety standards and hold tracks to new standards. Currently Bernie has the financial muscle where lets say they brought out a new type of safety barrier, that he can leverage a track to buy and install the new barriers or he'll simply pay some random new rich country to build a track and never come back to the first track, hence they agree to these measures.
With the financial muscle the group has they secure transport, favourable customs handling, better deals for usage of the tracks, larger sponsorship deals. In reality the current teams could break away but they'd struggle to get anywhere near the money they currently get and with zero leverage for better deals moving into the future.
As for testing, again Caterham performing better than they did would require say 20-30mil upfront to be able to afford some new designers, to afford to pay for new designs to be built and to be able to run them at tests. This would all lead to... still very likely being back of the grid with effectively no extra money.
What I absolutely don't agree with is that last place gets no money, that is beyond ridiculous. Premier league is actually an incredibly good model financially. IIRC it's 50% evenly distrubuted, 25% goes in incremental amounts from last to first and 25% depends on tv coverage, those who get on tv more get more money but here that doesn't apply because everyone is on the same track at once. So make it 65% shared evenly and 35% depends on finishing position, in that 0 goes to last place and a decent chunk extra goes to first.
The biggest difference would be again as in the premier league the top teams secure far better sponsorship deals or plough their own money in, more realistically both. But it means the last team has a secured income they can plan against, the top teams will always make more.
As in football, money doesn't guarantee everything, teams make mistakes, bad cars, overspend on a bet to improve. You get teams going into debt to attempt to do better hoping the later increase in money pays off. Teams SHOULD drop out now and then because otherwise everything is stagnant and dull. But a newly promoted team to the prem league knows they'll get X amount of cash and can certainly compete to some degree.
It needs change but Bernie and a governing group with massive financial power/backing to change these things over time is required.