WINDOWS UPDATES:
In General:
Windows updates are critical to any applications performance including general OS errors and performance. If Windows critical updates are not done, errors may result in 3D renders, video display, general application load and run and a host of other issues in Windows. Windows recommended updates would most notably have an effect when dealing with FX series cards, as they are Direct X 9.0 compliant. Also it is important to note that if Windows updates supply any drivers for any device, users will want to make sure that device is using the latest driver from the manufacturer and that it is installed and functioning properly, as devices that are not functioning properly can cause errors that mimic video card errors. Obviously, at times Windows driver updates are not always the most current available, and Windows updates in general will only address issues related to how things run in Windows (i.e. not errors in display during post or bios setup screens)
How to Test:
Simply go to
http://www.windowsupdate.com/ and do a scan using the system you wish to update.
Deal With It:
1.) I know my Windows system is completely updated.
Again, it is imperative that these things (Windows-related files & Service Packs) be updated to their most current version and takes very little time to scan if any are needed. It is best to double check just in case as issues that occur at this level are relatively simple to address and will corrupt any further troubleshooting results.
Fix It:
Download and install the needed files. The site is very user friendly, though it may be rather time consuming and users will want to revisit the windows update site to make sure that all updates are done as some can only be installed one at a time and others may cause additional updates to be needed. Make sure you skip any hardware drivers that relate to the video card as Windows Update may place an older, possibly incompatible version of the driver. That means a driver that is WHQL certified, but doesn’t possess the information about your brand new card. (Like a new 6800 series Asylum card). Make sure “Automatic Update” is not the option you have selected for your Windows Update type, as it is most likely to put this older driver in place. Select the option to “Review All Updates” before installing them.
IRQs:
You will want to check the IRQ assignment for the video card.
In General (taken largely from AMD’s white papers):
The easiest way to explain an IRQ is to think of it as a unique identifier. The IRQ process is similar to an auction. The CPU is the auctioneer and the peripherals are the bidders. Each bidder has a flag or paddle to get the auctioneer's attention. If more than one bidder has the same flag, there is chaos. Almost all primary components, such as graphics, sound, modem, etc., require at least one IRQ, regardless of whether they are cards or built onto the system boards. Many older devices require their own unique IRQ (their unique flag) with respect to all of the other devices.
Note that some components (like video cards) cannot share IRQs. This can cause undesirable visual effects. There are 16 IRQs (15 usable) in a computer system. Here is a typical assignment of these IRQs:
IRQ 0 System- System Timer
IRQ 1 System- Keyboard
IRQ 2 System- Cascade able PIC
IRQ 3 System- Serial Port (COM 2 and COM4)
IRQ 4 System - Serial Port (COM 1 and COM3)
IRQ 5 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 6 System- Diskette Controller
IRQ 7 System- Printer 1
IRQ 8 System- CMOS Real-time clock
IRQ 9 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 10 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 11 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 12 System- Mouse Port
IRQ 13 System- Math Co-processor
IRQ 14 System- Hard Disk Controller
IRQ 15 Available- General Adapter Use
As you can see, there are five (5) IRQs that are not assigned by the system design (5, 9, 10, 11, and 15).
Note: there are actually more possible assignments for IRQs up to 255. However, any IRQ past 15 is simply a duplicate of one of the 15 listed above. Furthermore, IRQs above 15 are assigned a lower priority than the first 15 IRQs listed. Therefore, when a video card is assigned an IRQ above 15 there are several issues to consider. First, it is important to understand why the OS assigned the video card an IRQ that was not in the 5 available primary IRQs. The most common reasons for this are usually found in the following 3 places: bios update, chipset update and power supply wattage or defect. It is also possible for a defective card or slot to cause this issue, however, in most cases severe issues such as display corruption will indicate this type of problem. Also, it is important to understand that while a card will often function with this type of IRQ assignment, doing so will likely cause some performance issues. In many cases reassigning an IRQ to one of the primary available IRQs to the video card will result in a performance increase as well as address or fix more serious issues.
How to Test:
In Windows 98/ME:
Right click on the “My Computer” icon and select properties.
Select the “Device Manager” tab.
Expand the “Display Adapters” by clicking on the + sign.
Right click on the NVIDIA card and select properties.
Select the “Resources” tab and see what the IRQ is (labeled Interrupt Request).
In Windows 2000/XP:
Click “Start” >> “Run”.
Type in “devmgmt.msc” and hit enter.
Expand the “Display Adapters” (by clicking on the + sign).
Right click on the NVIDIA card and select properties.
Select the “Resources” tab and see what the IRQ is (labeled Interrupt Request) and that there are no conflicts (listed on the bottom of the page). "This setting can not be changed within the operating system. If the IRQ assignment is greater than 15 you will want to reassign it to a different IRQ (preferably 11)."
Deal With It:
In some cases it is not always necessary to change the IRQ, as sometimes performance is nominally affected by an unfavorable assignment. However, even in these cases it is important to address the reasons WHY the assignment occurred, as that is likely a source of current issues or potentially a cause of future issues (as in the case of overdraw on a power supply). If the IRQ does need to be reassigned there are several potential fixes, however it is important that any issues that originally caused the unfavorable assignment be addressed.
Fix It:
In Any Version of Windows Other Than 2000/XP:
If the card is a PCI card it is possible that changing slots will change the IRQ assignment. Changing the IRQ assignment directly in the bios MAY also affect the assignment in Windows if the option is available. Lastly, uninstalling and cleaning the driver files for the device may also potentially reassign the IRQ to something that is favorable.
In Windows 2000/XP:
While assigning the IRQ in the bios is sometimes successful in Windows 2000/XP, it is rarely the case that when it is available that it actually works. Windows 2000/XP’s HAL has a tendency to ignore such bios settings and has been designed to remember its original assignment regardless of how many times the card is uninstalled and reinstalled. There are several Microsoft Knowledge Base Articles on the subject that detail how to get the OS installed in a manner to reassign the IRQs, based on what is currently installed that should leave the systems programs intact.
As a final option, you can also reformat and reinstall Windows using the prescribed manner to install a “Standard PC HAL”, install the chipset drivers before installing the video card drivers and then install the latest drivers with favorable results. In both cases however, important data should be backed up as IRQ reassignments can sometimes cause system crashes and obviously reinstalling the OS with formatting the drive will erase all data.
Here are the pertinent article numbers and their website locations on the Microsoft website:
ARTICLES PERTAINING TO WINDOWS XP IRQs
Troubleshooting Device Conflicts with Device Manager
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 310126
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=310126
A general description of IRQ sharing in Windows XP
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 314068
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;314068&Product=winxp
How to force a Hardware Abstraction Layer during an upgrade or an installation of Windows XP
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 299340
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;299340&Product=winxp
HOW TO: How to perform an in-place upgrade (reinstallation) of Windows XP
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 315341
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315341/EN-US/
HOW TO: Manage Devices in Windows XP
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 283658
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;283658
HOW TO: Specify a Specific or Third-Party HAL During Windows Setup
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 216251
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;216251
Explanation of error codes generated by Device Manager
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 310123
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310123&Product=winxp
How Windows XP Determines ACPI Compatibility
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 314088
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;314088
Unable to change resource settings in Windows XP Device Manager
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 315278
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;315278
A general description of IRQ sharing in Windows XP
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 314068
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;314068
HOW TO: Specify a Specific or Third-Party HAL During Windows Setup
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 216251
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=216251
ARTICLES PERTAINING TO WINDOWS 2000 IRQs
How to Troubleshoot Windows 2000 Hardware Abstraction Layer Issues
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 237556
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;237556
How to Upgrade Windows 2000 to Use an ACPI HAL
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 246236
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;246236
Disabling ACPI Support in BIOS Results in Error Message (Windows 2000)
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 197055
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;197055
Unable to Change a Resource Setting in Device Manager (Windows 2000)
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 269491
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;269491
How to Troubleshoot Windows 2000 Hardware Abstraction Layer Issues
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 237556
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;237556
How to troubleshoot unknown devices that are listed in Device Manager in Windows 2000
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 244601
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;244601
General Description of IRQ Sharing in Windows 2000
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 252420
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=252420
How Windows Determines ACPI Compatibility
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 216573
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;216573
DIRECT X:
You may want to try reinstalling Direct X. Reinstalling Direct X is only possible in Windows XP - all other operating systems will need to be reinstalled to reinstall direct X. You will likely want to postpone a system reinstall until you have backed up your information and as a last resort. You can find the latest REDISTRIBUTABLE VERSION of Direct X here:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/...11-62FE-4F61-ABA1-914185249413&displaylang=en
SCRUB THE DRIVERS:
There are issues with some games with the drivers from 61.77 and older. You can review the "Release Notes" for each driver and you will see what I mean. First, go to
www.driverheaven.net/cleaner for version 3.3 of the program Driver Cleaner you’ll use to remove the currently installed drivers. Install it, and select the option “Nvidia Fix” during the installation procedure. Reboot.
Go to "Add/Remove Programs" in the Control Panel. Remove the first nVidia graphics driver selection, then reboot as directed. Cancel the Hardware wizard. Then go back to "Add/Remove Programs" in the Control Panel. Remove the second nVidia graphics driver selection, then reboot as directed.
After the reboot, cancel the Hardware wizard. Open the READ ME file for Driver Cleaner from the file menu, and scroll down to the appropriate section for your system. Then open the Driver Cleaner program, and use it as they direct you to. This should scrub the system of any offending driver related files, references and records. If you had another manufacturer’s graphics card installed before (in this Windows implementation), select that manufacturer from the list and clean those drivers from the system too.
TRY THE LATEST DRIVERS:
Next, you can try the newest driver, as these issues are being addressed between NVIDIA and the game manufacturers.
ForceWare 66.93 WinXP/2K
http://www.nvidia.com/object/winxp_2k_66.93
My guess is you will see some success using these drivers.