Exactly this, pushing a high gear and grinding it out over long periods (rather than just a hill climb) puts some huge continuous pressure on your tendons. It'll make you a good sprinter able to keep a high speed, but it'll ruin your knees and do hardly anything for your endurance!
I usually have in my mind:
High cadence = cardio = endurance
Low cadence = muscle = sprinting
Unsure how accurate that is, but my 'happy' cadence is around 88/92, I find I can push it regardless how tired I'm feeling or what terrain I'm riding, if I can find my cadence I can just slog it out regardless how long/far it is