Gluconeogenesis takes hours to kick in, and bear in mind that food isn't absorbed straight away in either case. Don;'t believe the hype that protein / nutrition shops are trying to push on you. Yes, eat as soon as you can after a work out, but you're not going to lose all your muscle within a few hours of training. Your body is constantly in an anabolic/catabolic balance depending on blood/sugar levels anyway - so as long as you're getting the nutrition, it really makes little odds. The only thing pre or peri workout supplements do is give you a bit more energy, help blood flow and improve O2 circulation. Amino acids can help to a certain extent to improve muscle performance by minimising fatigue.
As long as your anabolic state offsets the catabolic state of your body the net result = anabolism -> growth.