You can set "quiet hours" to a specific time / immediately via Cortana.
This however means you need your contacts on inner circle to be able to call in during those hours (or they have to ring twice within 30s to get through).
I personally would just drag down notification, turn off sound for emails during my 'our of hours' via banner. To have it automated, I don't believe it's possible to that level of control.
Someone might think of a clever strategy to do what you want with what's available. Hopefully.