The survey is monthly and asks 1/12th of its userbase per month (thats just over 400,000 users) so in theory everyone should get asked once a year.
Cards that aren't shown are usually pooled into the 'other' section of dx11 gpu's, enthusiasts and the latest cards are very uncommon through out steams user base, especially with the rise in popularity of indie type games that don't require much grunt at all.
I think it would be far more accurate if they simply had "always allow surveys" as on by default in settings.
Clearly the current system isn't working, it depends on users catching that survey request, it can't be up there for long as i sign in almost every day and have not had a request for more than a year.
The fact that an entire range of GPU's that has been out for 6 months is missing from it shows how laughably infective the current system it.