The duplicate payments isn't Starling issue though it's affected a number of Banks.
The loans make sense. Other than lending there's no way for the company to make money. They don't have an investment arm.
None of these digital banks or challengers have ever made a profit even when just running pre-pay cards. Revolut is closest, it broke even recently and have the most customers. It also have charges for various things plus the 'premium' account. Monzo now has around 900,000 customers, and secured around £700m in funding in total. No where near breaking even though.
Cashplus, which many times more massive than these does turn a profit and have applied for a banking licence, so that's interesting. IIRC one of the main banks is looking at launching a digital only account soon too.
Exciting times in banking and fintech for sure.