Most of the time there is no way to know for certain. If someone says they have back pain, you can’t test to prove they’re lying. I would assess for the sort of back pain that needs eg urgent scanning and then give advice on self management or refer into a service to manage their back pain. If they say it gives them too much pain to work then they can have a sick note. If they say they are too stressed to work then there is not really an objective test to say yes or no. I would assess them at face value and work through how they might improve their mental health to point of being able to get back to work whether that be self help, talking therapies, medication or a combination of all 3. Whilst they work through those they can have a sick note if they state they can't work.How do they know its a lie if they don't investigate? When you're a potential accomplice in what is fraud then you have a requirement for due diligence.
As an engineer I couldn't sign off a report saying something was x or y if I hadn't investigated that fact. I couldn't sign off another colleagues work if I hadn't read it and checked calculations or references.
"I'm too busy" wouldn't stand for anything.
The GP role is to help them and being their advocate is part of that role. A sick note essentially is simply saying they they have sought medical advice and they don't feel currently able to work. It's outdated and pointless in most cases and is neither designed for nor provides what you probably think it does. If it's for benefit purposes then there are work capability assessments and other systems to try and assess someone's appropriateness for ongoing sick notes. If it's the private sector then they should arrange assessment by an occupational health service to assess, and if they are felt to be lead swinging then the occupational health teams assessment would be used in any potential disciplinary systems. A GP is neither trained in nor indemnified (unless they have also done the relevant qualifications) for that kind of work and so shouldn't do it. It also would take an awful lot longer than a 10 minute appointment that was also being used to actually provide care for them. The nearest to commenting on the validity of their need or policing it would be to write a comment recommending an employer arrange an occupational health assessment.
Employers on the whole know who is taking the **** either from frequency or length of notes (and I say this as an employer who has to deal with the other side of things also) but it's their duty to arrange appropriate assessment there not mine. You also open up the issues around disability act and discrimination within that law which again is their issue not mine.
You can't compare these to a report you do as an engineer, as you are both trained, provided time for and appropriately paid to sign off such a report. If you aren't then you should rightly refuse or look for a job elsewhere or even consider whistle blowing if such practice was endemic in the system
tldr, a sick note doesn't do what you think it does
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