@dowie @Angilion are you asking whether the consequences of global fasting using the sun were known and still intentionally enforced regardless of equality?
Your statement on control is widely agreed upon, the impact of these festivities are more likely unintentional and perhaps expected to be undertaken/delivered with common sense across the camps of followers. Time skews history, clouding intent.
Forgot to reply to this - I suspect that the person/people who came up with the rules simply weren't aware that it might be an issue in future.
Buddy seems to have decided this is two separate issues but really it's the same issue - simply that there are varying durations of night time hours depending on latitude, closer to the equator night time doesn't vary so much... further out it can vary quite a bit even to the point of no night time.
I can empathise with a range of viewpoints on religion but fundamentalists, people who are into literal interpretations etc.. still seem a bit odd. It's not like it's universal among muslims - I know various people who are muslims, would (generally) observe Ramadan etc... but are more doing it for cultural reasons/tradition etc..
When you start getting into this notion though that some bloke or some book is perfect and everything was foreseen etc.. then it becomes silly. That isn't a judgement on people believing in a god or gods or not but how you view your religion, religious text. Like say Christians who believe the earth is only 6000 years old etc. or some Hindus believing some sandbank/bridge was literally built by monkeys... that's where it gets a bit silly. Whether you believe in a god(s) or not you can still recognise this stuff was written by humans etc.. isn't perfect and lots of it contains rules etc.. that might have made more sense at the time etc...
This Norwegian example is a workaround a cleric had to come up with via a fatwa - the answer to that is that of course it is compatible with Islam, it can't contradict the Prophet's teachings etc.. well that (as a general viewpoint) is very dubious - clerics are just humans, any number of them issue fatwas, some of them might well have contradictory views, opinions etc... Was the Iranian fatwa to kill that notorious author compatible?
I just think it gets a bit silly when people claim something is perfect, everything was foreseen - you get trapped in a closed belief system like that and then all the flaws have to be explained away with convoluted explanations... essentially have to do some mental gaslighting to yourself and pretend that it's all so complicated etc...
I guess in the UK a large portion of the Muslim population comes from Pakistan/Bangladesh/India and can be quite conservative etc... in fact perhaps increasingly so no thanks to Saudi Arabia. On the other hand there are various muslims in the UK/West in general from North Africa, Iran etc.. who IME at least have tended to be rather more liberal, will drink alcohol etc.. treat it more as a cultural thing, general belief in "something", kind of like lots of Christians etc.. do. This can be a bit of a head **** for some more conservative UK muslims and some might claim that people not following some rules etc.. aren't proper muslims etc.. but then why should the conservative types have a monopoly on who gets to be muslim or not?
For example I know an Egyptian girl who used to like clubbing, would drink alcohol - a British Pakistani co-worker was disgusted by it when he found out she was muslim, referred to her as a ****ing ****. There was a Moroccan girl at a previous workplace who used to drink too, except during Ramadan - to some people she's not a proper muslim.
Some conservatives can be a bit hypocritical though - for example we questioned the colleague who got angry - "are you a virgin then?" etc.. technical sex before marriage is a no no... yet I'd suspect that even male muslims from conservative backgrounds break that rule and conversely expect/demand their female relatives to adhere to it. This guy used to smoke too and spread bet - IIRC there have been fatwas against smoking (and harming yourself like that is often considered haram), likewise gambling is against the rules... but apparently "trading" with a spread betting company doesn't count etc...
I don't think the more conservative type views will last more than a generation or two in the UK, hopefully in the future more people will be a bit more liberal about this stuff - see it as more of a cultural, tradition thing etc... It doesn't make them or their beliefs any less valid because they're not fundamentalists or conservatives - you can have a relaxed attitude to religion and still identify as Muslim, could decide it is more sensible to observe Ramadan according to Mecca time etc.. if there are shorter nights where you are - it doesn't necessarily need a fatwa etc.. it's your own decision/belief/interpretation etc.. that ultimately counts.