The problem is, plenty of people have been executed in situations they believed to have compete proof.
I mean, we can't say it's beyond the possibility of reason that say - physical evidence was planted (enough to qualify in the eyes of many of perfect evidence).
Regardless as to how people feel about how just/unjust the death penalty may be, killing the wrong people will inevitably happen as our justice system is fallible (no matter how high we set the bar).
Agreed, else why would people still be doing crimes.
Indeed, it has a chance of escalating a criminal to do more than he had intentionally or not planned (or unplanned) on doing.
Absolutely correct - and there are also chances that people will offer compassion and forgiveness (a concept 99% of people are unable to accept, but it does happen.)
It forces a moral code that basically makes killing "okay" in the right circumstances which I'm vehemently against and very uncomfortable with.
I believe that if you put positive energy out in the world, in general people react positively - the more positivity you put upon others, the more likely you are to get it back. Whether that is "karma" or not, I do not know (I don't follow a Buddhist lifestyle) but the concept of "treat those the way you wish to be treated" ties in well with this concept.
Oh I agree from a behavioural point of view, but the Karma aspect implies that a persons actions result in consequences (which isn't quite the same), as it goes beyond the rational causal relationships you mentioned into the lands of mysticism.
It's similar to that rubbish 'laws of attraction' stuff in 'the secret', as with many things - it takes an element of reality, then bolts on some additional tosh to the point of absurdity.