There is literally not a top team out there running 4 at the back in which the wingers aren't expected to run the wings for 90 mins, none. Arsenal do it, Chelsea do it, Barca do it, Bayern do it, Real do it. It's what's expected at the top of the game. in a 3-5-2 the entire point of having the extra defender back always directly means the wing backs are expected to defend LESS, not more.
3-5-2 does not get crushed by a 4-3-3, a better team beats a worse team. You're comparing Bayern, probably the best team in the world currently to Juve... not close to the best team in the world. Then you compare the right winger having his best ever seasons with the best right back in the world and instantly assume the system is responsible, not simply significantly better players? Despite the fact that Robben has played the same in both a 3-5-2 and a 4-3-3.
You can't simply say a 3-5-2 loses because Juve got beat by bayern. bayern playing 4-3-3 trashed Barca playing a 4-3-3 and Real playing a 4-4-2 trashed Bayern playing 4-3-3.
If the opposition have good wingers and double up... nothing, every system has to cope with that, it's what the third CB is for. 3-5-2 by design has the extra CB to cope with the fullback/wingback is caught up field.
The system doesn't require any more adaptability than 4-3-3 Duffman, again by design when the wingback is caught out there is an extra defender back. In a 4-3-3/4-4-2 fullbacks are constantly caught out and there is often less cover because there won't be a third CB.
Any system when used incorrectly is a disaster waiting to happen. Again look at Barca and Bayern's utter thrashings in the champions league while using 4-3-3. On many of the goals in all the four games it was fullbacks being caught up the field and poor defensive cover. It was also a poor system and poorly trained CB's who made constant errors.
LIkewise, bad teams get beaten by better teams more often than not, regardless of formation used.
Formation itself is pretty much pointless, nothing is better than something else, what matters is using a formation that fits the players at the club best to get the best out of them.
If you lose 3 players to injury and have to play three different players, the same system working perfectly might suddenly work poorly because they are simply different players, who look for or make different types of runs or passes.
A 4-3-3 with players that don't play it well is useless, a 3-5-2 with the wrong players is useless, a 9-0-1 can work.... Inter won the CL with that formation
When you have 11 players working well together you have a better team, if a specific formation gets more players linking up better, it's a better system for that squad, not a better system in general.